Users Who Will Benefit from Financial Statements Essay Example for Free

Clients Who Will Benefit from Financial Statements Essay The clients of Financial Statements need them so as to fulfill a portion of their various requirements for data. Coming up next are the clients and the manners by which they utilize this data in their dynamic. Financial specialists They are the suppliers of Capital for the substance. They require data so as to decide if they should purchase hold or sell. Investors are additionally keen on data which empowers them to survey the capacity of the element to deliver profits. Representatives They are keen on the data since they have to think about the steadiness and gainfulness of their bosses. They are likewise intrigued by data which gives compensation, retirement advantages and work openings. Moneylenders Are keen on data that empower them to decide if their advances and premium connected to them will be paid when due. Providers and different Creditors They require data in deciding if the sums because of them will be paid when due. Exchange banks are probably going to be keen on data an element over a shorter period than loan specialists except if they are reliant upon the continuation of the element as a significant client. Government and its offices They are keen on designation of assets, and along these lines, the exercises of substances. They likewise require data so as to direct the exercises of substances, decide tax collection strategies and as the reason for National salary and comparable insights. Open Entities make a considerable commitment to the nearby economy from various perspectives including the quantity of individuals they utilize and their support of neighborhood providers. Budget summaries may help people in general by giving data about the patterns and ongoing improvements in the flourishing of the substance and scope of its exercises.

Blue Ocean Strategy

In the previous ten weeks, this class has tried me by perusing testing articles that introduced a few diverse vital speculations to us. While the entirety of the hypotheses brought us fascinating and significant data, the one that reverberated most with me and stood out the most was the Blue Ocean Strategy. I have consistently been somebody who appreciates a test and I feel that while this hypothesis is a test, it has the most potential to bring associations the best measure of success.To completely comprehend why I chose this hypothesis contradicted to one of different ones, I feel that first I have to clarify precisely what Blue Ocean Strategy is and who has utilized it and increased huge measures of accomplishment. While there are numerous individuals who think bringing down the opposition is the best arrangement for their organization and will bring about tremendous achievement, Blue Ocean Strategy doesn't consider it their dynamic procedure as an approach to arrive at progress. To examine Blue Ocean Strategy, we likewise need to comprehend Red Ocean Strategy.Red seas are for the most part different techniques that are at present attempting to out-contend each other in order to be the one on top. The primary thing that strikes a chord when I think off tax assessment, for example, this is the aftereffects of Apple first propelling the unit. Each of the an abrupt a compact music player like this was what everybody needed, so different organizations began doing likewise and came out with equivalent items, for example, the Zone. Tragically, nobody has had the option to arrive at the achievement that Apple has with regards to convenient music devices.As you can see from the graph, Microsoft, the maker of Zone, attempted to arrive at progress by hitting every one of the five focuses that were referenced on the left half of the diagram. In any case, they couldn't do so in light of the fact that they disparaged the interest that the case was delivering. Microsoft j ust as different organizations attempted to contend, yet couldn't keep up as high of an interest as the unit and in the end the market turned out to be excessively packed and the items in the long run became underestimated and over produced.When the makers came out with Zone it seems like a Hyperventilation system was being utilized. Hyperventilation is characterized as fast and dynamic finish that is heightened on value quality situating (Divine, 1998). While a Zone is fundamentally the same as a case, what the makers thought would make them out-sell the unit was that the Zone cost half of what the case was. While generally cost is a gigantic thought when purchasing an item or administration for this situation individuals were eager to pay the additional cash and pick the organization that utilized the Blue Ocean Strategy.Potential Risk: Now take a total 180-degree turn and you have Blue Ocean Strategy. With this procedure, request is made as opposed to battled about. By doing this , there is more space for development that can be rapidly gainful. From the outset when I read the article, I pondered internally this appeared to be excessively unsafe and for what reason would an organization trouble utilizing this procedure; subsequent to doing a variety of research on the subject, I have gone to the incorporation that there is an insignificant measure of risk.I think it is critical to understand that with any system there is a sure measure of hazard, regardless of what decision you chose to make. For Blue Ocean Strategy, there are at present six key dangers that an organization could confront (Kim and Maneuvering, 2004). Of these six dangers, the initial four rotate around the formation of the procedure itself and the last two identify with the real execution of the strategy.Search chance Planning hazard Scope chance Business model hazard Organizational hazard Management chance However, there are six principals spoke to in Blue Ocean Strategy that are motioned t o shield an association from that chance (Kim and Maneuvering, 2004): Reconstruct advertise limits Focus on the master plan, not the numbers Reach past existing requests Get the vital arrangement right Overcome key authoritative rushes Build execution into system The main chief recognizes the bearing by which directors can efficiently make decisive market space across assorted industry areas and devastating inquiry chance. It shows organizations how to make the opposition unimportant by looking over the six traditional limits of rivalry to open up financially significant blue oceans† (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2014). The subsequent chief has to do with taking a gander at the comprehensive view and not concentrating on Just what the numbers would be, it manages arranging hazard. By taking a gander at the 10,000 foot view as a matter of first importance I accept this is the reason, when utilizing this procedure, there is such long haul achievement that accompanies it. Utilizing an en visioning approach that drives chiefs to concentrate on the 10,000 foot view, this standard proposes a four-advance arranging process for methodologies that make and catch blue sea opportunities† (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2014). To reach past existing requests hose utilizing the Blue Ocean Strategy must test the customary procedure of focusing on better division so as to meet existing client inclinations. Rather, this standard, which tends to scale chance, expresses the significance of accumulating request, not by concentrating on the distinctions that different client but instead by expanding on the amazing shared traits across uncustomary† (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2014). So as to achieve right vital succession organizations must guarantee that their plan of action will have the option to deliver and keep up productive development. This grouping comprises of the accompanying: (1) utility, (2) value, (3) cost, and (4) reception prerequisites (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2014).When an organization follows this succession, it tends to the plan of action chance. The fifth chief is tied in with beating the obstacles that come your direction. This is the main head in the execution part of the technique and in this manner in this important the authoritative hazard is intensely thought of. â€Å"This standard mitigates authoritative hazard, laying out how pioneers and chief can conquer the psychological, asset, inspirational, and political obstacles notwithstanding discharged time and resources† (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2014).Last, yet unquestionably not least, is incorporating execution with the methodology and this is characterized as being able to urge others to execute the technique in the most ideal manner they know how. This standard tends to the administration chance related with individuals' mentalities and practices. â€Å"By incorporating execution into methodology equation, individuals are propelled to act† (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2014). While there is as yet a specific measure of potential hazard engaged with this system, you can see that there are a few distinct principals that were made to wipe out said risk.Cost and Value: A great deal of conventional techniques express that you much pick in the event that you need to be known for cost or for esteem. In any case, when choosing to utilize Blue Ocean Strategy, it is conceivable to have both separation and minimal effort. On the off chance that you look to the graph to the correct you can see that Blue Ocean Strategy has made sense of that the way to esteem advancement is equivalent amounts of cost and purchaser esteem. While the graph makes it look straightforward, with the end goal for this to occur, utility, cost, and cost all should be aligned.By driving both the expense down and the worth, the item can possibly meet such a large number of more individuals. A great case of this parity is the Ford Model T. In 1908, Henry Ford was an individual with vision who made an organ ization and an item that was not in the market. He made it value well disposed with the goal that individuals could really manage the cost of it and it would fall under the class of significant worth spearheading. At the point when the Model T originally turned out in 1908, it cost $ 850. 00, which was a large portion of the cost of whatever else out there at that point (Kim and Maneuvering, 2004).The key to accomplishment in this model was not utilizing the opposition as a benchmark. While Henry Ford could have followed every other person and made a noteworthy and adaptable vehicle, he realized that it was not what the market required; they required reasonableness and dependability. Long haul Viability: When an organization or association is choosing a technique to utilize, they need something that won't just keep going quite a while, yet additionally assist them with building a brand. There have been a few organizations that have utilized Blue Ocean Strategy and have had many year s of brand value (Kim and Maneuvering, 2004).Companies will be content with the outcomes that many have and are required to keep on utilizing Blue Ocean Strategy on numerous occasions. Blue Ocean versus.. Vital Supremacy through Disruption and Dominance: Almost something contrary to Blue Oceans is the hypothesis of key matchless quality, which has been affected by hyperventilation and understanding the connections in this hypothesis. By understanding the connection among procedure and condition, supervisors can all the more likely tailor their systems to the earth or change the earth to their advantage.This starts with breaking down the ebb and flow serious condition (inverse of Blue Oceans) at that point understanding the standards of the game in that industry. Basically, the pioneers in the business control the â€Å"rules of the game†, in the event that they accomplish something, he littler brands will follow to contend. Being able to control the guidelines of the game and controlling the development of the market and its opposition is a piece of vital matchless quality. Some of the time old pioneers in an industry would prefer not to change and this offers new contestants a chance to sneak in and upset the guidelines of the game and use it to their advantage.Overall, this system is tied in with controlling your market everywhere and in the event that you don't have the bore to do this, at that point you discover a specialty market to concentrate on. At the point when contenders upset the â€Å"rules of the game† then it comes a serious fight. At the point when this occurs, it in the end transforms into a Red Ocean. Pioneers regularly are in their position since they have combat with bringing costs and are capable down to rival lower edges. On the off chance that a main rival was disturbed by another contestant with low

DCs Young Animal Round-up, Part One

DCs Young Animal Round-up, Part One Over the past and next few weeks, DCs new imprint Young Animal is launching a number of new titles. Charles Paul Hoffman and I  are sharing our thoughts on each comic in a back and forth discussion. First up: Doom Patrol #1+2 and Shade The Changing Girl #1. Doom Patrol: From Doom Patrol #1 by Gerard Way, Nick Derington, and Tamra Bonvillain CPH: Okay, confession time. Before the Young Animal launch, I had never read any of these books before, and had never even heard of Cave Carson. (Mother Panic is all new, right?) So, I have been going into these totally blind. And… it’s definitely been an experience. Issue #1 starts off normal enough, with Casey Brinke’s life as an ambulance driver, but it quickly veers far off into the absurd. Not just the tiny society living on her partner’s gyro, but the single page “What’s Going on with Niles Caulder” aside (there’s another in the second issue), the fast food franchisers from outer space, the singing-dancing new roommate who accidentally blows up Casey’s old roommate… As I finished the issue, I had a serious “WTF did I just read” sensation. So, of course, I proceeded right on to issue #2, which was totally more of the same. There’s a plot here, but it’s buried underneath what feels like a comic script written by Hunter S. Thompson that’s been translated into Mandarin and then back into English. Maybe this makes more sense if you’ve actually read Doom Patrol before? TM: My experience with the Doom Patrol goes as far as Grant Morrison’s run and their cameos in different DC events, and I ate up both issues like the multi-flavored burritos they are. There are lots of seeming non-sequiturs that are cute winks to Doom Patrol fans that the band is getting back together. I am fine with Way, Derington, and Bonvillain taking their time to introduce a proper arc that pulls everyone together. Randomness for its own sake can be irritating, but I am all about Young Animal’s approach for now. From Doom Patrol #1 by Gerard Way, Nick Derington, and Tamra Bonvillain Add to your Hunter S. Thompson and retranslations the meta-influence of Doom Patrol’s return during DC Rebirth and Vertigo reshuffling. Cliff is struggling to stay in one piece as always, but so is DC’s publishing line, effectively segmenting Vertigo into this Young Animal side avenue under Way. The Casey Brinke protagonist stand-in cycles between a job and videogames, and gets shocked into paying attention. I wonder how many of Way’s followers were weirded into reading more than one issue, let alone track #1 of a new comics series? You had a “WTF” experience, Charles. Was it fun? CPH: Yeah, it was definitely fun for a couple of issues. And there is a real sense that this is, as you say, the “getting the band back together” intro arc before we get into the ongoing adventures. So, I’ll be here at least through the end of this arc before making the decision whether this needs to go on my pull list or just isn’t for me. Shade the Changing Girl: From Shade The Changing Girl #1 by Cecil Castelucci, Marley Zarcone, and Kelly Fitzpatrick CPH: Funny story: I read Shade the Changing Girl #1 before Doom Patrol and I initially thought it was a tad hard to follow, but in retrospect it’s like a well-organized five paragraph essay next to DP. I really liked STCG. Maybe a tiny bit more background would have been helpful for new readers, but I guess all you really need to know is that Loma is a disaffected alien looking for a new adventure, she steals Rac Shade’s madness coat, and inhabits the body that Megan Boyer wasn’t really using. Watching Loma interact with Megan’s family and “friends” has been a lot of fun so far. We’re slowly getting the sense that Megan was a genuinely terrible person, and it will be interesting to see how Loma rebuilds Megan’s life and relationships (or not, as the case may be). The creative teamâ€"all women, I might note!â€"has done a fantastic job so far of creating an environment infused with madness. Not just the madness of Loma and Shade’s madness coat, which manifests in Zarcone and Fitzpatrick’s psychedelic imagery, but also the insanity of everyday life. There’s a real potential here to dig into some issues we don’t usually see in comics, such as how living as a teenage girl in the deeply sexist American society is enough to drive one mad. I’m really loving STCG so far, and hope it gets a nice long run to explore these issues. From Shade The Changing Girl #1 by Cecil Castelucci, Marley Zarcone, and Kelly Fitzpatrick TM: Part of my enjoyment of Young Animal’s material so far comes from the difficulty of spotting the “tether” between each book’s status quo and where it’s heading. A lot of superhero burnout can come from watching the limits of a book’s setup stretch to the same limit over and over until the reader sees the tether before it’s even moved. Shade The Changing Girl, though? I felt a lot like you did during Doom Patrol, Charles. I had no reference point that wasn’t built in real time, scene for scene. The combination of alien society, human society, and recurring trippy imagery kept me guessing from scene to scene. Any comic that feels like an ever-changing discovery is worth following. I think Young Animal is two for two in this roundup. What about you? CPH: Agree. I’m not sure I’ll stick around long-term for DP, but pretty much everyone else seems to adore the book, and STCG is promising a perspective we don’t see a lot in Big 2 comics. So far, the Young Animal relaunch is reminding me of the best of 1990s Vertigo, but with a contemporary flair. (Probably not a huge surprise, since both Doom Patrol and Shade, the Changing Man were in the Vertigo lineup when the imprint launched.) Here’s hoping it succeeds like early Vertigo in bringing that odd, uncanny voice to a mass audience. TM:  Heres hoping that any resemblance to the 90s fades away to transform into an all-new kind of touchingly weird. Thats it for Part One! Well see you next time to discuss Cave Carson Has A Cybernetic Eye and Mother Panic. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Analysis Of The Movie The Clansman - 1720 Words

The media often paints a picture of certain groups that may not be accurate for example, African Americans in the media are portrayed as criminals, drug addicts, or misogynist which also includes African American women are viewed as abrasive and promiscuous. While there are millions of responsible and respectable African Americans. They are not celebrated in the media. What the community sees are instead are thing in movies and on TV. This changes the general perception of African Americans and cause people to assume they are violent and are a burdened to society. During the pinnacle of segregation through the 1900s, African Americans were rarely portrayed on screen and when they were portrayed in satirical ways, it was with white actors in blackface. This is a great example of the misrepresentation of an entire community by those in power. In February 1915, a movie was released called birth of a nation which was based on Thomas Dixon Jr. novel the clansman. The film depicts the Ku K lux Klan as heroes and the villains were portrayed by white actors in black face. The film was basically trying to justify racism and imply that the white hooded, figures where protecting the white race because African males were trying to sexually ravage the white women this portrayal of African American male was known as a bucks. Despite the very clear prejudice in the film it was a major success and was the first ever major motion picture shown in the White House toShow MoreRelatedHow Birth Of A Nation Reinforced Antebellum Stereotypes About African Americans1564 Words   |  7 PagesHow Birth of a Nation reinforced Antebellum Stereotypes about African-Americans In the early 1900s, the movie industry in America developed the atmosphere filled with racial and political medium, which later became a propaganda tool for selling of brute caricature. Many will recognize the films titled Birth of a Nation by D.W. Griffith, which was very historical since its technological innovation embraced or portrayed all the anti-Black caricatures, and other brutes. Sing Griffin was a Kentuckian

Racial Segregation, By Booker T. Washington Essay - 945 Words

When the topic of race relations is brought up, there are many different views. There are three men who are most commonly known for their relations with racial segregation. All three men had different views concerning this topic ranging from segregation to sending them back to Africa. Each man thought his perspective on ending the African American discrimination would be the â€Å". . . best to achieve equality. . .† (African-Americans). The perceptions of Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, and Marcus Garvey are going to be compared and contrasted in regards to their individual approach to race relations of the African-American people. Educator and founder of the Tuskegee Institute, Booker T. Washington, is one of the most influential civil rights activists to this day. Washington believed â€Å"no race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem (Washington, Booker T.). By this statement he meant that everyone should have to work their way up to the top. He believed that it took effort to prosper, but it also required brains and skill. Washington also believed that the problems of life should not outweigh the opportunities provided. When he spoke, Washington wanted to build friendships and earn cooperation from both the white and black race. He thought the first step of change was the recognition the African American population was receiving from the Atlanta Exposition Address. He said, â€Å". . . nothing in thirtyShow MoreRelatedWilliam Edward Burgardt : African American Leading Sociologist, Writer, And Activist Essay713 Words   |  3 Pages a chair for the Peace information Center (Staff, 2009). Du Bois and Washington has quite the rivalry over the racial uplift. Furthermore, Brooker T. Washington was another leader of the African- American leaders of the 19th and the 20th Century (Brooker T. Washington, 2015). He was the founder of Tuskegee University (Brooker T. Washington, 2015). Brooker put himself through school, and became a teacher (Brooker T. Washington, 2015).. However, the Tuskegee University he founded focused on trainingRead MoreBooker T. Washington And His Critics : The Idea Of Racial Compromise1270 Words   |  6 PagesBooker T. Washington and His Critics: The Idea of Racial Compromise The era of Jim Crow began after the end of Reconstruction in 1877, in which through the rebuilding of the South, whites established laws and customs that forced freed slaves to stay marginalized and targeted by Southern whites. The purpose of these Jim Crow ideas was to keep blacks and white separated, and to also keep blacks from progressing in society. For instance, Southern whites forced blacks to take literacy testsRead MoreBooker T.Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagesleaders of this movement amongst the Black community were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois, however they had very differing views on how to achieve this goal (PBS.org). Washington and Du Bois essentially split the Black community into two parties, radical and conservative. Du Bois, the radical, preached for a strong political and civil rights agenda, and uplift for Blacks through education. Washington pushed for Blacks to accept their racial discrimination until they had proven themselves throughRead MoreBooker T. Washington Dbq838 Words   |  4 Pagesaccept their situation but two African American leaders did not. W.E.B Dubois and Booker T. Washington saw that the situation of poverty and social inequality were bringing down their race in the late 1800s and early 1900s. They came from completely different backgrounds, one rich and one a former slave, but they had the same purpose: they sought equality in the American society for African-Americans. Washington was more for slow integration into society and working your way up where as DuboisRead MoreBooker T. Washington. B. Du Bois1138 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2014 Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois Essay Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois had significantly different views on how blacks could move towards attaining racial equality during the late nineteenth century in the United States. Washington believed that blacks should work hard to earn economic freedom by means of striving for strong education objectives. Du Bois believed that only political empowerment and voting could end African Americans oppression. Washington had the betterRead MoreBooker T. Washington Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pagesposition that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome† –Booker T. Washing. Booker Taliaferro Washington was born in Hale’s Ford, Virginia on April 5th, 1856 to Jane Burroughs and an unknown White man. Washington was married three times. His first wife was Fannie N. Smith from Malden, West Virginia. Booker and Fannie were married in the summer of 1882 and had one child together named Portia M. Washington. Fannie died two years later in May 1884 . The second wife was Olivia A. DavidsonRead MoreEssay on Booker T. Washington629 Words   |  3 PagesBooker T. Washington 1856-1915, Educator Booker Taliaferro Washington was the foremost black educator of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He also had a major influence on southern race relations and was the dominant figure in black public affairs from 1895 until his death in 1915. Born a slave on a small farm in the Virginia backcountry, he moved with his family after emancipation to work in the salt furnaces and coal mines of West Virginia. After a secondary education at Hampton InstituteRead MoreBooker T. Washington s Philosophy And Actions1022 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans were not treated as equals because of the Jim Crow Laws, sharecropping, and segregation. Two African American leaders in the late 19th and 20th century – Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois – both longed for black equality and civil rights, yet each had a very different method to achieve this. Booker T. Washington intended for African Americans to eventually obtain equality, but his plan of racial accommodation betrayed their interests. However, W.E.B Du Bois had a better method forRead MoreBooker T. Washington And. B. Dubois1050 Words   |  5 PagesBooker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois During the late 19th and 20th century, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois were two of the greatest leaders of the black community. They both paved the way for the modern Civil Rights movement in America. However, the two accomplished scholars had differences when it came down to the methods for black social and economic progress. Believe it or not, those differences made the way for the greatest impact in the world that we live in today. â€Å" I have learnedRead MoreBooker T Washington And W. E. B. Dubois Persuasive Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagestwo men, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois both attempted to fight for rights and equality for African Americans during the late 1800s and early 1900s. They both believed African Americans deserved to have rights and equality, but they had very different opinions and ideas on how to solve the problem. Thus, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois both tried to gain rights and equality for African Americans, but they had different approaches on how to get rights and equality, and Booker T. Washington

Mass Media and Its Influence Free Essays

Mass Media and Its Influence Spoken, written, or broadcast communication whose medium may include television, radio, advertising, movies, newspapers, magazines, books, cell phones and the Internet becomes a mass media that affects our society’s perception of ourselves and others and influences the structures of our society as well as the reactions of the individual. Americans perceive the political, economic, class, educational, and other structures of American society because of, by, and through the media. The American understanding of these structures within its society as well as those structures outside of the United States are manipulated and directed by the media. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media and Its Influence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Similarly, the media influences the perceptions of individuals within American society by what and how the media is communicating. The media communicates and influences through the key motivators of our society today: sexual, monetary, and violent images. The most widespread form of this communication media is television, followed by the Internet. With the increased use of computers and multi-media cell phones, the Internet is on the road to exceeding the television as a communication media. How these media venues affect the world in which they operate shows how far and how deep the communications can reach, the speed in which the messages are delivered and accepted, the cultural impact that is experienced. Media has converted individual communication into group communication and has allowed for wonderful advances in civilization. Through mass communication, people groups, organizations, governments, and nations have found the media for the spread of information in business and industry, education, politics, technology and science, medicine and healthcare, weather and climate, and all levels of culture. It is in technology that the media’s most obvious advancements are visible. In addition, the widespread distribution of information has allowed the world to respond to natural disasters, political oppression and exploitation, and in mass multi-national cultural events. In the area of culture, sex is not only a physical motivation in individuals, both male and female; it is also psychological motivation of people. Although, people express it in different cultures differently, the basic human need for sexual expression is one of basics of marketing and advertisement. It motivates sales and sales are best motivated in mass fashion for mass return on investment in massive profits via mass media. All forms of media use the basic instinct to identify a product for sale and manipulate the individual’s perception to cause him or her to identify their individual sexuality with the product. Everyone wants to be sexy, attractive, wanted, desirable, in demand, and therefore, powerful. People will buy whatever they believe or perceive will provide this to them. Similarly, another motivator of power is violence. Whether the perpetrator-the inflictor, or the violated-the victim, there is no doubt about how powerful violence is. It also motivates sales indirectly through the marketing and advertisement of products supporting violent venues such as horror and R-rated films and television shows, sporting events such as boxing, wrestling, and football, war coverage, and the 11 o’clock news shows. The mass media clearly shows that violence motivates power and power motivates violence. The most vulnerable segment of society to the images and messages of mass media are America’s youth. Young people are in a stage of life where they want acceptance by their peers, they want to be desired and loved, and they hope to be successful and powerful. They also seek to explore and express some of the same human motivations as the mature citizen: sex, violence, and power. The children and teenagers of America find all of these elements on the TV. In fact, as Arthur Asa Berger states, â€Å"the amount of time young people spend â€Å"media multi-tasking† has increased from 16% to 26% of media time, the actual amount of time devoted to media use has remained steady, at under just 6 1/2 hours per day (going from 6:19 to 6:21) 0r 44 1/2 hours per week (http://kff. org/entmedia/entmedia030509nr. cfm) (Berger, 12). Television and its self-directed version, cable, allow for the mass influence of these elements in both positive and negative ways. The positive aspects of violence and competition within the socially accepted structures of competitive youth sports and athletics promoted on TV and in video games and equally, in the fashion, dance, and young love seen in sitcoms, movies, and MTV music videos. Conversely, the use of junk foods, cigarettes, drugs, and alcohol combined with irresponsible, casual sex, excessive and explicit violence dominate much of the negative influence of media on America’s youth. Joseph Dominic concludes, â€Å"that youngsters that are heavy TV viewers would display a pattern of beliefs and perceptions consistent with media portrayals (Dominick, 446). Regarding violence in mass media, again the young are exposed to a culture of violence reflected in the media. How the media sells or promotes those perceptions is the â€Å"reality† of the media. From a war somewhere in the world to the wars in someone’s home, the media directs the interpretation of what is necessary, correct, moral, and immoral. From what is happening, is not happening, should happen, might and will happen, and what is and is not the cost the media influences our realities and reactions. This has resulted in Saturday morning cartoons that are as full of shootings, stabbings, explosions, and other forms of violence as is CSI or the nightly news; it has resulted in video games like Grand Theft Auto that allow children to be pretend drug lords, gang members, and pimps; it has promoted murder and abuse as entertainment for the masses. In the case of American youth, the effects of media violence on the developing mind and values of children and the personalities and beliefs of those children are increasingly negative. Aggressive behavior, lawlessness, and distorted views of reality are becoming commonplace among the children of today and mass media is one of the greatest influences. As these children mature into teenagers and young adults, the media blurs the realities of war in their minds and makes entertainment out of both virtual war games and actual wars on this earth. â€Å"More speci? ally, research provides strong evidence that in the short term, exposure to media violence causes increases in children’s, adolescents’, and young adults’ physically and verbally aggressive behavior, as well as in aggression-related variables (such as aggressive thoughts and emotions) that are theoretically linked to aggressive and violent behavior (Anderson et al, 104). The young people of the United Stat es are an identified and targeted demographic of the advertisement industry due to their large discretionary income from family and employment and due to their lack of experience and nowledge combined with an almost insatiable need to experiment and acquire. The use of sex and violence to market to America’s youth, epitomized in the overwhelming success of the book and television series about teenage vampires, Twilight, has become a multi-billion dollar, multi-media industry. The media creates and promotes the ideal image of what is beautiful, desirable and sexy and what are the characteristics of a successful and power person, usually psychological and/or physical violence. Because these two instincts are so universal, primal, and strong, they are almost irresistible advertising vehicles. However, if sex and violence are the vehicles, money is the fuel. Consequently, the purpose of marketing and advertisement is to sell and make money. Mass media sells the belief to a person, young or old, that he or she can attain the characteristics of power, if they can buy the products that the powerful and violent own. It sells them on the belief that they can attain the characteristics of the sexy, if they can buy the products that makes one attractive and desirable–all as they are presented in the movies, TV, Internet or other media. The estimated revenue of all forms of mass media is in the 100’s of billions of dollars. The cost of reality in relation to these perceptions is often much more expensive. An example of some of the more costly areas of influence is in the area of politics. In this area, political offices and careers both are promoted and destroyed. The media has a great influence over public opinion. The media has a huge influence over public opinion as can be seen by the use of opinion polls that it controls and manipulates. The use of polls and news coverage by the media can affect, positively or negatively, candidates and their ideas that, in turn, can change the political control of the nation. In addition, media control shapes the way people see their realities and it has a tremendous impact on our society. The War on Terrorism is a clear example of media influence on American society that resulted in the war in Iraq to stop weapons of mass destruction that did not exist in reality. This example shows how media can use information that is not real to create another reality it chooses. Because media is so powerful, it is owned by the powerful. In the United States, six corporations own 95% of all media nd the money they make are proof of their power: 2009 revenues of General Electric, $157 billion; Walt Disney, $36. 1 billion; News Corp. , $30. 4 billion; Time Warner, $25. 8 billion; Viacom, $13. 6 billion; and CBS, $13 billion (Freepress. net). â€Å"We find that media firms nearly universally have ownership structures with large controlling shareholders and that these shareholders are either families or governments. This evidence is broadly consistent with the ideas that there is large amenity potential (control benefits) associated with owning media–be it political influence or fame† (Djankov et al, 373). What this control costs American citizens in their freedoms and democracy cannot be calculated. In conclusion, the control of the media and its impact on American society, both positively and negatively, is important to the quality of our lives and to the freedoms we believe in. The media appears to be some huge, uncontrollable monster, but in reality, it is made of people just like our government is made of people and our country is made of people. Corporations, companies, governments, media are all people. Therefore, if the negative impacts and influences of media are to be controlled and limited, these people need to be challenged. In order to challenge these people’s influence and control through the media, we must challenge what the media is selling, be it sexual, violent, moneymaking or otherwise. We must begin with ourselves and exercise our control over what we are buying. References Anderson, Craig A. , Leonard Berkowitz, Edward Donnerstein, L. Rowell Huesmann, James D. Johnson, Daniel Linz, Neil M. Malamuth, and Ellen Wartella. â€Å"The Influence of Media Violence on Youth†. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Vol. 4, No. 3, Dec. 2003. 81-110. Berger, Arthur Asa. 2007. Media and Society: a critical perspective, 2nd ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishing Inc. ) Djankov, Simon, Caralee McLiesh, Tatiana Nenova, and Andrew Shleifer. 2003. â€Å"Who Owns the Media? † The Journal of Law and Economics. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ) 27 Dec. 2010. Dominick, Joseph R. 2010. The Dynamics of Mass Communication: media in transition, 11th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw -Hill) Freepress. net. 2009. (Florence, MA: Free Press and the Free Press How to cite Mass Media and Its Influence, Papers

Respect vs. Disrespect free essay sample

By Osita Onyebuchi Respect vs. Disrespect Have you ever met someone who was rude to you and didnt hold you with much regard? How did you feel? Did you feel angry? What do you think respect is? How is respect earned? Respect is an important way of being kind and good to other people. We live in a society that respect is earned not given. With respect there is also an opposite side of disrespect. The definition of respect is to consider worthy of high regard. There are different forms of respect, the word respect is defined as the condition of being esteemed or honored. Disrespect, on the other hand, is defined as a lack of respect. Respect has great importance in everyday life; everyone wants to be respected. Even those who do not give respect expect to be respected by others. We may also learn that how our lives go depends every bit as much on whether we respect ourselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Respect vs. Disrespect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The value of self-respect may be something we can take for granted, or we may discover how very important it is when our self-respect is threatened, or we lose it and have to work to regain it, or we have to struggle to develop or maintain it in a hostile environment. Some people find that finally being able to respect them is what matters most   Ã‚  It is acknowledged widely that there are many different kinds of respect. Respect may come in different forms, but it will still be perceived as respect. Respect in your family household is very important for a child and any other individual. For example, a child may choose to obey their parent because their parent is very strict and the child doesn’t want to get on their bad side. This form of respect could also be perceived as fear because the child is worried about how the parent will react if they choose to misbehave. The child would also respect their parent in a way that if they were to request something, the parents will grant the favor. Another example is a police officer respecting the rights of a man they just arrested. This form of respect is leaning towards unalienable rights. The police officer have to give you the respect that you deserve even when you are the one wrong in the situation. The respect goes a long way in our legal system because it’s the foundation on how criminals should be treated. Everybody akes mistakes especially criminals so you should always resect them even if you don’t approve of what they did. We are not in the place to judge anybody regardless of what they did. Everyone’s rights are respected regardless of merit. Another example is a child respecting and looking up to a celebrity. The child is in awe and therefore respects the celebrity. Besides those three examples, there is also religion. In different religions and culture comes major respe ct. The gestures you make with one culture is different with other cultures and religions. The culture of the people of China and Africa demand respect. For example, taking off your shoes before you enter into a house is very big in China but not as big in the United States. Another example would be calling your elders â€Å"aunt† or â€Å"uncle†. In Africa that is major respect, you can’t walk into somebody house and don’t greet them by saying â€Å"aunt or uncle†, Religious tolerance does not mean one cannot express his own beliefs. It does mean that seeking to undermine or attack the religious faith and beliefs of another has always been a short road to  trouble. It doesn’t matter if you dont worship the sam GOD the person next to you, just have respect for their religious beliefs. Cultures and religions are very important to people, so therefore respecting them is also very important. The last example is respect in the workplace. When you are at work there are so many rules you have to follow when it comes to respecting your co-workers. For example, there’s is a various amount of beautiful women at your workplace and you tend to gain interest in the person other than business relationship. I would advise not to do it due to the fact that it may come off as a form of disrespect. When it comes to building a relationship in the workplace it just doesn’t work out so try to stay away from that. Aside from respect, there is also disrespect. From being slapped by someone to being publically humiliated, disrespect is alive and well in today’s society. Just like respect, disrespect also comes in different forms. Verbal disrespect is a form of disrespect seen virtually everywhere. Raising your voice to an adult in public, using harsh words towards one another are some examples of verbal disrespect. Verbal disrespect does not always appear to be disrespect. For example, cutting someone off while they are speaking and lying and manipulation. When you cut somebody off when they are speaking that shows the person that you are not listening to them and don’t care about what they have to say. Many people are being verbally disrespected but do not notice it because it is not always as harsh as other forms of disrespect. Another form of disrespect is technological disrespect. Many people are disrespected and humiliated on social networks such Facebook, Twitter, and etc. But it doesn’t stop there, emailing texting, and even when talking on the phone can lead to technological disrespect. There is a lot of disrespect on the internet such as Facebook, both male and female can comment on somebody picture and say something sexual that the person would take offensive in disrespect. On twitter people can tweet something sexual and the only reason people are doing it because of fear so they hide behind a computer. Aside from technological disrespect is an even bigger issue of disrespect, physical disrespect. We’ve all heard about violence, not just in relationships but violence in general. Some examples of physical disrespect is violence in a relationship, physically hurting your children or family, or physically harming yourself. Physical disrespect is probably one of the worst forms of disrespect because it not only affects you physically but also emotionally and cognitively. One example of Physical disrespect is the bus driver incident that was over the news. A man should never put his hands on a female regardless of any circumstance. Physical abuse leaves scars that will not go away. In a relationship if you are getting physically disrespected, you should not be in the relationship than, no relationship is worth getting hit all the time. There are many variables when it comes to respect and disrespect. If you always respect a person it is likely that they will disrespect you. In this society that we live in treat others the way that you want to be treated. Respect goes a long way in life. Respect is to consider somebody that is high worthy. Everybody should be high worthy to you , just go by the guidelines provided below and you will be a respected person and also know how important it is to respect somebody else. Work Cite Page Koppelman, A. (2010). How Shall I Praise Thee? Brian Leiter on Respect for Religion. San Diego Law Review, 47(4), 961-986. Colker, J. (2012). THE DANGER OF DISRESPECT. Smart Business Chicago, 9(11), 10.

Advanced Word Formation Charts for ESL Learners - A

Advanced Word Formation Charts for ESL Learners - A Word formation is one of the keys to success for advanced level ESL learners. Advanced level English exams such as the TOEFL, First Certificate CAE and Proficiency use word formation as one of the key testing elements. These word formation charts provide the concept noun, personal noun, adjective and verb forms of key vocabulary listed in alphabetical order. Word Forms Concept noun Personal noun Adjective Verb absenteeismThe rate of absenteeism is rising in middle and high schools. absenteeWell send the absentees notes from the meeting. absent-mindedThe absent-minded professor wandered into the wrong classroom. to be absentUnfortunately, Ill be absent from class on Friday. accountingCan you take care of the accounting on this project? accountantIll need to ask my accountant for advice on this business deal. accountableDo you think we should hold everyone accountable for their mistakes? accountI think we should open a new bank account. accusationThe lawyer rebuffed the accusation and stated his case. accuser / accusedThe accuser should always try to understand the motivations of the accused. accusingHes an accusing figure in the company and needs to go! accuseDo you really want to accuse him of bribery? achievementThe victory was an amazing achievement. achieverAchievers tend to be outgoing people who dont mind making mistakes. achievedHis achieved status at the company was due to his work ethic. achieveShes achieved many things in very long career. addictionDrug addiction is a huge problem for many people around the world. addictThe addict struggled with drug abuse for many years. addictive/addictedYoull find that many addictive drugs are opiates. to become addictedA number of students have become addicted to so called study drugs administrationThe administration has made many mistakes over the past eight years. administratorThe head administrator will take your questions. administrativeAll administrative tasks are taken care of by human resources. administrateWe should use a third party to administrate our accounts. admirationShe showed a lot of admiration for her help. admirerHave you ever had a secret admirer? admired / admiringThe admiring young man stood and gazed. admireI enjoy going to the museum to admire fine art. advertisementThe advertisement was very entertaining. advertiserWe need to find an advertiser to help pay for expenses. advertisedThe advertised medicine didnt work as expected. advertiseHave you ever advertised your products online? adviceI think you should take his advice. adviserIm going to see my adviser next week on campus. advisoryThe advisory committee decided to postpone the decision. adviseWhat would you advise me to do? aggravationIve certainly had my fair share of aggravation. aggressorThe aggressor was caught and thrown into jail. aggravatingShe has an aggravating backache. aggravateI aggravated my brother with my remarks about his wife. agitationI felt a lot of agitation when I heard the news. agitatorThe agitator was taken to jail by the police. agitatedThe agitated citizen screamed at the reporter. agitateBe careful to not agitate the situation with your remarks. analysisThe analysis of the situation is very interesting. analystThe analyst was very expensive, but necessary for our case. analyticalHe cast an analytical eye on the situation. analyseDo you think you could analyse the evidence? antagonismShe felt his antagonism was misplaced. antagonistThe antagonist made a convincing case against the hero. antagonisticHer antagonistic attitude got her into trouble at work. antagonizeYoull be sorry if you antagonize them. arbitrationThe arbitration went on for three weeks. arbitratorThe arbitrator in the case made a decision. arbitraryI think he made an arbitrary decision that be ignored. arbitrateThe judge will arbitrate the case. assassinationThe assassination stunned the nation. assassinThe assassin was caught within three days. assassinatedThe country wept over the assassinated president. assassinateMost people could not assassinate anyone. authorizationI gave him complete authorization on the project. authorityHes an authority in his field. authoritarian / authoritativeHer authoritarian approach scared the students. authorizeCan you authorize this request?

Beating essay-writing block, Nursing Standard - Emphasis

Beating essay-writing block, Nursing Standard Beating essay-writing block, Nursing Standard In his second article on writing skills for nursing students, Rob Ashton explains what to do when inspiration doesnt strike. D-Day has arrived. And the essay youve sat on for weeks is due tomorrow morning. Its not that you havent put pen to paper yet. In fact, youve done lots of research and written copious notes. But bringing them all together into an even semi-coherent essay has become what seems like an insurmountable task. Now youre staring hopelessly at a blank screen with a feeling of panic in the pit of your stomach. It threatens to overwhelm you. Fear not though. The first thing to understand is that youre certainly not alone in feeling this way. Writers block affects everyone at some time even famous authors. Biologically, it occurs because your brain perceives a harmless task as a dire threat, and starts to do everything it can to keep you away from it. An essay, though not exactly fun, cant actually harm you of course. But youre dealing with millions of years of evolution here, and mere logic may not be enough to beat the problem. The secret to blasting through it is to arm yourself with a set of techniques that will enable you to blast through those blocks. Put on your thinking cap Grab a pencil and paper and brainstorm what you want to include in your essay. Write down everything you can think of, including scientific studies, ideas, arguments and counter-arguments. Take a series of coloured pencils and group together the points that have elements in common. Then rank these groups in order of importance. Build an effective structure Next, write headings that relate to the groups in your brainstorm. For example, if your essay is to evaluate the clinical treatment of diabetes, you might write Medical model of diabetes and Social psychology of sugar consumption. You wont necessarily keep these headings in your final essay. Instead, think of them as guide posts to keep you on course. Find your flow Now and only now its time to put fingers to keyboard. But forget settling down for an all-nighter. Instead, set an alarm for five minutes from now, and write until it goes off. This will be far less daunting than seeing a marathon writing session stretching out before you. After all, how bad can five minutes be? Yet what youll probably find is that you start speeding up to try to beat the clock. And in doing so, youll start to create momentum. Three or four of these five-minute burst are normally all it takes to get things moving. For it to work, you have to be honest with yourself and stop at five minutes if its just not happening for you. But when you do, make sure you reset your alarm and start another five-minute session five minutes from now. Forget your grade Although your heart may be set on producing a first-class essay, put these thoughts aside while youre writing. Focusing fully on answering the essay question gives you the best chance of scoring top marks. Pay attention to detail Once you have your first draft, carefully comb through it and weed out any meaningless words. Make sure your opening paragraph directly answers the question and that youve fully explored your arguments. Finally, proofread carefully by stopping a pen at each word to make sure there are no typos or spelling mistakes. You dont need the mad panic of an imminent deadline to get started. So dont delay the writing process by doing too much research. Just take a deep breath, begin your brainstorm and write your way to essay success.

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Questions - Essay Example In this way, firms of different sizes could be compared on an equal footing. For example, COGS of firm A may be greater than that of firm B. But its sales may be higher too. Q6. The dates on financial statements are important because they indicate the period in which profits or losses accrue and cash flows occur, as well as the financial status of the company as at a date. Q7. The income statement presents the incomes or revenues and expenses or costs of the firm incurred during a period, regardless of paid or not, to arrive at the profit or loss. On the other hand, the cash flow statement of the firm presents the revenues or costs received or paid during a period, regardless of incurred or not, to arrive at the cash outflow or cash inflow. The balance sheet captures the financial snapshot of the firm as at a particular point in time. The profit or loss on the income statement enters the retained earnings account, which is under shareholder's equity in the balance sheet. The cash inflow or cash outflow from the cash flow statement is added to or subtracted from the beginning cash balance to arrive at the ending cash balance, which is under current assets in the balance sheet. Q5.

Empires, Product Lines, Stewart Brand and Kevin Kelly Essay

Empires, Product Lines, Stewart Brand and Kevin Kelly - Essay Example What made the British Empire great was the fact that it formed the backbone of industrialization in this world. They were the cornerstone of industrial towns, developed cities and advanced water transport (Black, 2001). Everything the empire’s regime did was stored secretly not wanting any other empire to steal their secrets, which they did extremely well. The Japan Empire The Empire of Japan also known as the Empire of the Rising Sun was both an empire and world power, which existed from the Meiji reinstatement on January 3rd, 1868, to the endorsement of the post-Second World War Charter of Japan on May 3rd, 1947. Colonial Japan's fast militarization and industrialization under the slogan Fukoku Kyohei led to its surfacing as a world power, ultimately culminating in its association in the Axis alliance, as well as the subjugation of a large fraction of the Asia-Pacific expanse. At the summit of its authority, in 1942, the Japanese Empire administered over a land spanning 2,85 7,000 sq mi (7,400,000 square kilometers), which made it one of the leading marine empires in history. The Japan Empire was known mostly for its telecommunication advancement (Black, 2001). The Empire of Japan had a remarkable tally of technological accomplishments, and a remarkably well-equipped military. The army was advanced, but extremely oriental and traditional beyond the rank of other top rated empires. Even though, instead of having bullets, ballistic shells, missiles, warheads and other more straight based weapons, they created hi-tech arms, which armed the Imperial Japanese Forces technical fighting skills needed to defeat any superpower... Empires, Product Lines, Stewart Brand and Kevin Kelly Apple Inc., ever since it started its operation in the 70s, has had a magnificent timeline, which people could consider as a success to the company (Isaacson, 2011). In the 70s, the company produced numerous computing machines such as the Apple I, Apple II, Disk II, which was a driver, and Apple Writer computer software. In the 80s, the firm launched the Apple III computer. It also launched the IB modems, Monitor III, IIA printers, Apple Image writer, Macintosh (128K), AppleColor Composite Monitor and AppleShare Server 1.0. The firm also launched, in the 80s, Macintosh Portable, Apple FDHD SuperDrive and Apple Scanner. In the 90s, the firm launched Macintosh IIfx, Macintosh Classic II, the PowerBook series from 100 to G3, Apple Design Powered Speakers and the Workgroup Server series from 60 to 8550 (Isaacson, 2011). Also, they came up with the Apple Network Server 700/200, eMate 300, Power Macintosh G3 desktop, Power Macintosh G3 minitower, Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh, iMac G3, i Book, iMac (slot loading), Cinema Display (22"), as well as the Power Macintosh G4 Graphite. All these were inventions that took place before the new millennium. They were considered as landmark inventions to such a small established company in the field of IT. However, the 2000s has seen the popularity of Apple Inc. rise to another level. The Big-Kids computing world managed to arbitrate between the numerous computational roles, which could not be reconciled in a more direct manner through making the Apple’s materials a must-have item.

Criticisms Of Symbolic Interactionism Sociology Essay

Criticisms Of Symbolic Interactionism Sociology Essay This chapter will outline the research methods which are used to explain procedures for collecting data. In addition, it discusses literature which underlies the methods and reasons for the chosen data collection procedures. The chapter presents an outline of research methodology (qualitative approach) and the tools for data collection which are commonly used with each particular method. The chapter focuses on the research setting, instruments for data collection, data analysis, issues of validity and reliability, and ethical issues. This chapter will clearly define the research methods used to perform the study. The researcher will provide an explanation as to the collection methods of the data and information which was necessary to address the research objectives. As such, all data sources, instruments for research, data collection and analytical techniques, and research design, will be given. Research design There are many methodologies for collecting data, and it can be collected from many different sources. By research methodology, it is meant a set of techniques which are used in certain areas of research activity (Nachmias and Nachmias, 1996.) Methodologies do not fall into categories of right and wrong; it is the duty of the researcher to seek the most appropriate method, according to the questions being researched. Huberman and Miles, in 2002, in addition to Blaxter et al, in 2001, said that data collected is qualitative when it is in word and describes situations, circumstances of phenomenon, or individuals. Data are quantitative if they are represented in the form of numbers, counts, or measurements which attempt to provide precision to the observation set. Hence, the classification between quantitative and qualitative is most commonly used (Smeyers, 2002.) According to Denzin and Lincoln (1994) both quantitative and qualitative approaches can be applied within any philosophy of research. The approach that all genuine knowledge is ultimately grounded in sensory experience is called the positivist approach. This approach also says that knowledge can only be advanced through experimentation and observation. The interpretivist approach, in contrast, holds that only through the standpoint of individuals who are part of the action being investigated, can the social world be understood (Cohen et al. 2008.) Therefore, the nature of the problem being researched will have a direct effect on the choice of research methods being employed. Also, practical consideration, such as funding and time, may influence a researchers choices. Also, when applying the scientific method, the researcher must keep certain considerations in mind, such as the investigators own involvement in the usage of the results, the precision of measuring devices, time constrai nts for obtaining results, difficulty in designing experiments which adequately test hypotheses, and the relative complexity of the subject being investigated. In 1994, Gable reported that literature marked a distinction between the two approaches, but that the approaches are not mutually exclusive. Rather, sometimes researchers apply both. Qualitative and quantitative approaches and techniques may be conceptualized as opposite poles on a continuum (Gable, 1994.) The differences between the approaches are detailed on Table 4-1. Remenyi (1998) argued that the two approaches can be used together due to the complexity of answering how, why, and what questions. Selection Criteria Denzin and Lincoln (1994) defined qualitative research as follows: The word qualitative implies an emphasis on processes and meanings that are not rigorously examined or measured (if measured at all), in terms of quantitative, amount, intensity or frequency à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Qualitative researchers stress the socially constructed nature of reality, the intimate relationship between the researcher and what is studied and the situational constraints that shape inquiry. Such researchers emphasize the value-laden nature of inquiry. They seek answers to questions given meaning (p. 124). Qualitative research sits within the phenomenological viewpoint, and involves at least some interaction between the researcher and the situation or individual which is being researched (Hussey and Hussey, 2003.) According to Morgan and Smircich (1980) the qualitative approach to research is not a set of techniques but an approach. As such, the appropriateness of using it is based on the phenomena being studied, and the questions being asked. Additionally, Kirk and Miller (1986) set forth the following steps to describe the qualitative approach to research: invention, discovery, interpretation, and finally, explanation. Other views of the qualitative research approach note its possible design constraints. For example, an individuals own account of attitudes, motivations, and behaviours, may be an influencing factor (Hakim, 2000.) Qualitative research has the problem of subjectivity. This is because the researcher is involved personally in the operation of the measurement tools (Walter and Gall, 1989.) There are several features which distinguish the nature and design of studies which use the qualitative approach, such as a holistic investigation of a particular phenomenon and the understanding of the study itself in its natural setting (Walter and Gall, 1989.) The very nature of the qualitative approach allows for some flexibility and responsiveness to multiple realities and complexity. Purposely selecting the sample, rather than selecting it randomly, can help the researcher avoid missing sample data which could otherwise be considered as outliers, and hence unimportant. Purposive sampling can allow the researcher to enrich the outcome of their research by designing a study which will include both non-typical and typical subjects (Tashakkori and Teddlie, 1998.) Hakim (2000) indicates that the validity of the data being collected has a direct effect on the strength of the qualitative research itself. Data are usually collected in adequate detail so as to allow the results to be considered correct, complete, true, and believable accounts of the views and experiences of the participants. However, sample size continues to be a concern. A qualitative project will normally have a lower number of participants, which cannot be taken as representative (Hakim 2000.) This fact remains even when a fair cross-section of subjects has be carefully assembled. Qualitative design methods usually include: 1) a case study providing data which describes the subject of the study; b) a meta-analysis designed to analyse statistical outcomes of previous research from diverse sources; c) research analysis on relevant administrative records; d) a record of focus group discussions which serve to bring together a group of informants, serving the investigated issue; and d) unstructured, semi-structured, or structured in-depth interviews (Silverman,2000; Kruger, 2001). Qualitative research can be considered an independent field of inquiry, as it is focused on studying objects in their natural settings. It also attempts to make sense of various phenomena in terms of their meanings as related to a set field (Denzin and Lincoln, 1994.) This form of research examines activity which is situated, in which an opportunity is presents to both participate in, and then reflect on, the knowledge production process (Flick, 2002.) Denzin and Lincoln (2003) state that the potential for the interpretation of phenmoena is presented by qualitative research which takes place in a natural setting. The use of multi-methods may be used to provide interpretation and focus on individuals (Denzin and Lincoln,1998.) Additionally, qualitative research usually includes interviews, the practical components of a case study, a life story, observations, and personal experience. It can also involve descriptions of routines or moments which were problematic, and even the meaning in the lives of individuals (Denzin and Lincoln, 2003). Qualitative studies, then, are ultimately concerned with both how its participants fit into their environments, and how they make sense of their individual experiences. Symbolic interactionism The fundamentals of symbolic interactionism as a perspective have been shaped by the work of Mead (1932; 1934) who is acknowledged for his alternate views toward understanding human society (Blumer, 1969; Charon, 2004). Blumer (1969) expanded on Meads work to develop symbolic interactionism into a perspective with a methodology to investigate and interpret the interactions of individuals in a social context. Because we live in a complex, industrialized society, and come from different ethnic, racial, and social class backgrounds, it is unrealistic to think that we all share the same sets of norms, beliefs, and values. People will often have competing and conflicting beliefs rather than shared goals and interests. Instead of being the product of consensus, organized behavior may be the result of self-interested negotiations between two or more parties or the product of coercion on the part of more powerful individuals. Herman-Kinneys observation reflects the appropriateness of symbolic interaction as a suitable framework for this study: acknowledgement that social contexts are complex entities that involve complex interactions between individuals and groups of individuals. The context of a university in Japan that employs individuals with a range of cultural and social attributes reflects Herman-Kinneys intention that people within a specific context carry conflicting beliefs and values, yet can function effectively as a group. Symbolic interactionism provides greater scope to explore such complexity. While other perspectives have made significant contributions to our understanding of the concept of identity, a noticeable absence from analysis of identity formation is the notion of the self as a separate concept to identity (Herman-Kinney, 2003: p.708; Beijaard et al., 2004). One of the fundamentals of symbolic interactionism is its emphasis on the notion of self and its relationship to the concept of identity. The notion of self tends to be overlooked in the literature on teacher identity largely because self and identity can tend to be used interchangeably. Other perspectives imply that an individual is a composite of multiple identities, a view shared by symbolic interactionism. Symbolic interactionism further contends that behind the multiple identities is the notion of self: a core entity that in many ways gives life to those multiple identities. This study is limited to exploring the nature of professional identities and not the nature of self. However, the distinction needs to be made that symbolic interactionism views self and identity as two separate but related concepts. THE EMERGENCE OF SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Symbolic interactionism is a down-to-earth approach to the scientific study of human group life and human conduct. (Blumer, 1969: p.47) Symbolic interactionism is a perspective that emerged chiefly from the work of American tradition of pragmatism, philosophy and social psychology (Fidishun, 2002; Charon, 2004: p.28). It challenged the mechanistic world view and dualistic assumption of classic rationalism (Shalin, 1991: p.223). One of the most recognised challengers was Mead (1932; 1934) who viewed human group life as the essential condition for the emergence of core attributes that characterise an individual. Blumer (1969) identified the core attributes as consciousness, the mind, a world of objects, human beings as organisms possessing selves, and human conduct in the form of constructed acts. From these core attributes, Blumer (1969: p.6) proposed a number of basic ideas or root images to frame human societies: human groups or societies, social interaction, objects, the human being as an actor, human action, and the interconnection of the lines of action. Together, these root images represent the way in which symb olic interactionism views human society and conduct. Symbolic interactionism is used in this study to focus on the interactions of teachers with objects in a specific context. Core to symbolic interactionist principles is a focus on social interaction and meanings that result from the process of interpreting these interactions. The significance of symbolic interactionism, according to Rosenberg and Turner (1981), is that it places emphasis on researching real-life events, such as the practice of teaching. Within an educational context, Hargreaves (1995: p.11) argues that symbolic interactionism helps clarify why teachers (and others) do what they do and that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it addresses the practical realities rather than holding people to perspectives ideals or moral exhortation concerning human change and development. Exploring the identity of teachers who teach English in the context of this study lends itself well to the principles of symbolic interactionism, due to the highly interactive nature of the context that is rich in symbo ls: language, objects and social interactions. CORE IDEAS OF SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM As mentioned previously, symbolic interactionism emerged from the work of Mead who viewed human society differently from the traditionally held views of his time. Through his interpretation of Meads work of interpreting human society, Blumer developed three premises that characterise the fundamentals of symbolic interactionism. In his first of three premises, Blumer begins with the nature of meaning that human beings hold towards things that are socially defined. Human beings act toward things on the basis of the meanings that the things have for them (Blumer, 1969: p.2). According to Blumer, meaning is not implicit in humans at birth, instead emerges through social interactions and interpretations of those interactions. Meaning is established in communication (Mead, 1932). Blumers explanation illustrates a divergence from traditional approaches to explain meaning. By traditional, Blumer referred mainly to the fields of psychology and sociology, which were predominant at the time of his writing. From a psychological perspective, factors such as attitudes and conscious or unconscious motives were featured in attempts to understand human conduct, while sociological perspectives relied on factors such as social position, social pressures and cultural prescriptions in its attempt to explain human conduct (Blumer, 1969: p.3). According to Blumer (1969: p.3), the meanings that things have for human beings are central in their own right. That is, instead of focusing on factors that are alleged to produce behaviour, meaning is the focus of analysis itself. Th e process of meaning refers to the act of interpretation, which has implications on our understanding of human beings, human action and human association (Blumer, 1969: p.79). Blumer argues that other research traditions6 bypass a focus on meaning. It is either taken for granted and pushed aside as unimportant or it is regarded as a more neutral link between the factors responsible for human behaviour and the product of such factors (Blumer, 1969: p.3). According to Blumer, these perspectives are more concerned with the behaviour of individuals and with the factors regarded as producing the behaviour. However, while differences remain between symbolic interactionism and other research traditions, similarities are becoming more common, such as both stress the importance of language, the dynamic character of social and cultural life, and the unstable relations of difference (Dunn, 1997: p.689). The source of meaning emerges from social interactions between individuals and things within social contexts and situations. Blumers (ibid: p.3) explanation of things, or objects, reflects the down-to-earth nature of symbolic interactionism to include: physical objects (such as classrooms, office space, textbooks), other human beings (such as a wife, an officemate), categories of human beings (such as friends, management, students, native English-speaking teachers of English, native Japanese-speaking teachers of English), institutions (such as university, government), guiding ideals (such as individual independence, approach to teaching, university policy), activities of others (such as demands from management or requests from colleagues), THE APPROPRIATENESS OF SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Symbolic interactionism is concerned with people, the meaning that people have towards things, and that these meanings are subjected to a process of interpretation within social contexts. Woods provides a convincing argument, claiming that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the emphasis is upon the construction of meanings and perspective, the adaptation to circumstances, the management of interests in the ebb and flow of countless interactions containing many ambiguities and conflicts, the strategies devised to promote those interests, and the negotiation with others interests that is a common feature of all teaching situations. (Woods, 1996: p.7) Woods account of symbolic interaction reflects the complexity of social situations, viewing symbolic interaction as a perspective that offers flexibility to explore the mysteries of social interaction in educational contexts. Woods was attracted to symbolic interactionism because it offered the kind of intellectual equipment needed to explore some of the mysteries of social interaction in the school (Woods, 1996: p.7). This study recognises that other research perspectives are equally suitable to explore the concept of professional identity. Symbolic interaction, however, allows meanings to be explored in the richness of the context: individuals hailing from broad cultural, educational and personal backgrounds. If identity is formed through relationships and interactions in a social context, a symbolic interactionist perspective is appropriate for exploring the negotiating of identities of EFL teachers in a Japanese higher education context. The nature of teaching English in higher e ducation in Japan is highly interactive between students and colleagues within a context rich in symbols open to complex processes of interaction and interpretation. CRITICISMS OF SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Symbolic interactionism has changed considerably since its emergence as a perspective, becoming fragmented at times as a result of conflict from different schools of thought and interpretation (Fine, 1993). It, however, is not without its imperfections or its critics, of which many emerged from within the perspective itself as well as from other research traditions. The criticisms toward symbolic interactionism were more intense earlier in its history than of late due to its perceived departure from scientific methodology that was dominant at the time of its emergence. Criticisms emerged at a time when qualitative research was seen to be unscientific, with positivist research dominating approaches to research (Meltzer et al., 1975). Rogers (1973) accused interactionists of examining human interaction in a vacuum, focusing on small-scale face-to-face interaction, with little concern for its historical or social setting. Skidmore (1975) found that interactionists failed to explain why people consistently chose to act in given ways in certain situations. While the criticisms are valid, they were made at a time when symbolic interactionism had barely established itself as a theoretical perspective. There is an argument developing that the differences between symbolic interactionism and other perspectives are narrowing (Dunn, 1997). The criticism from within symbolic interactionism is characterised by the four main schools of thought that have been identified under the umbrella of symbolic interactionism: the Chicago school, the Iowa/Indiana school, ethnomethodology, and dramaturgy. The differences are largely methodological, between preferences for more humanistic, qualitative approaches to researching social interactions and those that were more scientific and quantitative (Meltzer et al., 1975). Blumer (1969) argues the case for a distinctive methodology in the study of human behavior that made modern society more intelligible (Meltzer et al., 1975). Regardless of methodology or school of thought, however, symbolic interactionism encompasses both a qualitative and quantitative tradition, reflecting an approach that strives to understand human behavior, not to predict and control it, nor to have more statistical knowledge of it (Musolf, 2003: p.91). Kuhn (1964) argued symbolic interactionism should reflect quantitative methodology, stressing the importance of unity of method in all scientific disciplines. Reflecting on its short history at the time, Kuhn (ibid) identified a number of problems that stunted the growth of symbolic interactionism and its acceptance by other research traditions as a credible research perspective. One of the main issues was lack of scientific credibility, which characterised the schism between the two schools. Kuhn attempted to elaborate Meads view on social behaviorism in an effort to establish a theory of self that was both testable and usable. Kuhns 20-point test to measure the self reflected the leaning toward scientific quantitative methodology of exploring self. According to Dunn (1997) there are critics who claim that symbolic interactionism provides little indication of sources of meanings. While these criticisms are valid, they were made not long after symbolic interactionism emerged as its own perspective and had yet to fully utilise the way in which other perspectives have developed over the past few decades. Dunn (1997) documents recent comparisons between symbolic interactionism and other research traditions to illustrate narrowing differences and shared fundamentals, such as importance of language. Likewise, Callero (2003) argues that recent sociological approaches to self within a symbolic interactionist paradigm reflect emphases on power, reflexivity, and social constructionism. Recent literature on teachers professional identities provides evidence that symbolic interactionism has survived the criticisms to prosper and prove it to be a suitable framework for this area of research (Swann, 1987; Beijaard et al., 2000). Methods of data collection Primary data There are several types of collection methods involved in qualitative research. The Interview Method The definition of an interview is the interchange, between two or more persons, of views on a topic of mutual interest. This enables both the discussion of individual points of view, and the expression of points of view (Cohen et al., 2008.) Cohen et al. note that the interview serves three distinct purposes: 1) as the primary means for gathering information that directly affect research objectives; 2) for the purpose of either testing a hypothesis, or suggesting a new one, also, as an explanatory method for the identification of variables and their relationships; 3) for use in conjunction with other methods. The three types of interviews are: unstructured, semi-structured, and structured. The unstructured interview contains questions which are open-ended, allowing the question to be adapted, according to the intelligence, beliefs, and understanding of the respondent. These interviews are more flexible and may be used for probing issues in greater depth than the other interview types, though it can take more time and involve greater difficulty to analyse (Kidder et al., 1986.) In the semi-structured interview, both open-ended and close-ended questions are employed. This means that not all questions are designed in advance. The semi-structured interview technique has some of the advantages of the other two techniques (Kidder et al., 1986.) This technique has the flexibility of allowing the interviewer to formulate new questions during the interview, as a result of the respondents answers to previous questions. This allows the interviewer to seek additional illumination and information. The interviewer usually has a framework of themes to be explored in a semi-structured interview (Blackman, 2002.) The structured interview, also known as the standardized interview, employs closed ended questions, and a standard sequence which is used in every interview. This approach has the aim of presenting the very same questions, in the very same order, in every interviewing session, and for every interviewee. Though this approach is not very flexible, its data is more easily analysed, and is considered to be more objective (Nachmias and Nachmias, 1996.) Blackman (2002) cites three essential characteristics which can be used to distinguish between the unstructured and the structured interview. 1) A highly structured interview requires that all interviewers present the same set of questions to all interviewees, with use of follow-up questions being prohibited. 2) Structured interviews form the foundation for tighter analysis. 3) Interviewers are trained to use both a priori rules and a standardized rating form in order to strictly rate and score question responses. Researchers choose between several strategies when planning an interview, including (Thomas, 2003, p. 63): An approach of loose questioning, which is meant to elicit the respondents interpretation of a general situation or circumstance. An approach of tight-questions, using a limited number of options (e.g. Yes/no, like/dislike) to discover a respondents preferences. An approach of converging-questions. This is designed to blend the advantages of the loose method and the tight method. At first broad questions are asked, in an open-ended manner. These are followed up with additional questions to more thoroughly explore the interviewees opinions. An approach of response-guided questions. This approach includes the interviewer beginning with prepared questions, which are spontaneously follow-up by questions created as logical extensions of the given answer. This strategy allows the researcher to delve more deeply into the respondents opinions relating to the issues presented in the original question. Focus group interviews A focus group is a special type of group which has more involved as its purpose than simply getting people to have a conversation. It is special in terms of its purpose, composition, size, and procedures, which guides, through interaction, to outcomes and data (Cohen et al., 2008.) Listening to information, and gathering information, is the purpose of this interview, as well as to understand peoples thoughts and feelings about particular issues (Krueger and Casey, 2000.) Focus groups can encourage an environment which allows participants to share their points of view and perceptions without pressure. Researchers may be able to identify patterns and trends from the group discussion. This may lead to a systematic and careful analysis (Krueger and Casey, 2000.) According to Cohen et al. (2008,) focus groups are good for: Orienting to a specific field of focus. The development of topics, schedules, and themes which can be used in subsequent questionnaires or interviews. Use insights and data, collected from the group, to generate hypotheses. Producing and evaluating data relating to differing subgroups of a given population. Assembling feedback related to previous studies. Kruger and Casey (2000) specified some of the characteristics of a focus group. A focus group involves a limited quantity of participants, so that every person has a chance to share; participants should have similar characteristics, so that the researchers my accomplish the purpose of the study; collection of qualitative data, of interest to the researcher, is the primary purpose of the focus group usually to discover the range of opinions between several groups; the group must have a focused discussion; the group should ultimately help to understand the topic of interest. Researchers (Krueger and Casey, 2000; and Cohen et al., 2008) indicate that the data which is collected from a focus group may be negatively influenced by two kinds of participant: a) close friends who may inhibit free expression on a given topic; b) participants who may be difficult to join with others. For this reason, it is considered more useful when the data is triangulated by using traditional interviewing forms, observation, documentation, and questionnaires (Cohen et al., 2008.) Observation methods Observation is routinely used in everyday life (Frank, 1999,) but it is multi- faceted as a scientific method (Wajnryb, 1992.) Bohem and Weinberg (1987) stated that techniques for observation are key to the developments in the sciences, and this is because data which is collected is more likely to lead to decisions, conclusions, and new ideas. Obaidat et al (2002) made the claim that many phenomena and ideas, which are the subjects of study interviews and questionnaires, are selected because of the need to test them and understand them by field researchers. So, observation is considered a prime tool for the gaining of both information and experience. According to Cohen et al (2008,) observation enables researchers to gain understanding of the context which is being investigated, to be more inductive and open-ended, and to see certain aspects which otherwise may have been missed. It also allows for the discovery of issues that participants may not have wanted to discuss in their interviews. While observation in a social context can easily be accomplished, scientific observation may require more detailed planning, and defined recording protocols (Summerhill and Taylor, 1992.) Cohen et al (2008) refer to observations in many settings: physical, human, group or individual, gender, class, and even interaction in settings which may be formal or informal, planned or unplanned, verbal or non-verbal. Additional settings would include programme settings, such as school resources, curricula, and style. Secondary data The analysis of secondary data, involving the analysis of data collected by other institutions and researchers, will be part of the basis for this research. Additionally, by treating this undertaking with diligence and care, an efficient method or learning about research questions, which are both time saving and cost effective, will be gained. The major sources of secondary data, which are used in this research, are: Official stats. This comprises of statistics collected by various bureaus, departments, agencies, and the government. Because this information is easy to obtain and easy to comprehend, it is considered an important secondary data source. Scholarly Journals (Peer Reviewed) As they contain reports of both original research and reports of experimentation, scholarly journals are important to this study. Experts review scholarly journals in order to check their accuracy, originality, and hence relevance. Literature Review Articles these articles review and arrange original research about a particular subject of interest. For this research the researchers consulted online databases and the library, in order to find the requisite relevant pieces of data to be used in this research. Data analysis Qualitative research findings, methods, disciplinary orientation, and types of findings represent great diversity (Yardley 2000). Qualitative research has many traditions. These include, as a partial listing, cultural ethnography (Agar 1996; Quinn 2005), institutional ethnography (Campbell and Gregor 2004), analyses for historical comparison (Skocpol 2003), case studies (Yin 1994), focus groups (Krueger and Casey 2000), interviews (in-depth) (Glaser and Strauss 1967; McCracken 1988; Patton 2002;

Global Education Essay

According to the historical analysis in the 1990s, the global education movement in the United States took on a number of ethnocentric individuality. Largely since of attacks from the political Right, global instructor worked hard to avoid issues that were contentious. In adding up, they frequently strove for what was euphemistically called â€Å"equilibrium. † That is, â€Å"teach concerning other peoples plus condition, but do it ‘patriotically. ‘† It also turn into clear at this time that, as lots of American educators advocated counting the study of global issues in the curriculum, mainly did not particularly think to seek interface by means of educators from around the world who also were concerned through the teaching of global issues. For these reasons, I set out to find out what was being done about the world to comprise global education in the set of courses. I drafted a opinion poll, had it translated into French and Spanish, in addition to sent it to people in 100 countries who were well-informed about global education. Responses were established from 52 countries. No doubt these data have been reported in other researches. In the residue of this research, I will present highlights from this study along by means of updates on what is happening in the state most concerned in the global education group. Definition of Global Education The definition of global education specified to respondents was the one from the 1991 ASCD (Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development) annual, Global Education: From consideration to Action: Global education involves learning concerning those troubles and issues which cut crossways national boundaries and regarding the interconnectedness of systems — educational, environmental, financial, political, and technical. If we analyze then we come to know that global education also involves learning to appreciate and be grateful for our neighbors who have diverse cultural backgrounds from ours; to see the earth through the eyes as well as minds of others; and to realize that extra peoples of the world require and want much the similar things. Local School Vs Global Education Place of work diversity has taken a new face today; workplace diversity focuses on the impact of council’s base line. Not only can it monetarily benefit a council, but also by embracing diversity an organization can augment their ideas, insights, and a variety of pools of talent. Leveraging workplace variety is more and more seen as an essential strategic resource for competitive advantage. More companies are connecting workplace multiplicity to their strategic objective and objects. Greenwich Manufacturing has realized that diversity has an enormous impact and in addressing these issues; the council is implementing a Public Relations (PR) campaign to position itself as a leader in encouraging and promoting diversity in its workplace. This paper will outline Greenwich Borough PR campaign including its defined target audience, an overview of public relations issues, and implications of ethical issues. In addition, Greenwich has implemented a marketing research plan and sought to bring into line its marketing and public relation strategies In several cases, deforestation can be helpful. Given the right mix of social needs, financial opportunities, and environmental circumstances, it can be a rational change from one type of land use to a more prolific one. It can lead to thoroughfare of communication being created. Minerals that bring a state much wanted capital can be used to generate a better life for the peoples of that nation. In the long term these behavior may be fuelling Brazil’s advance into a major deal power. These are far reaching and all surrounding effects. The disaster lies in the fact that mainly lands that have been deforested in current decades are not suited for lasting farming or ranching and they rapidly degrade once the forest has been cut and burnt. Different the fertile soils of temperate latitudes, most tropical forest soils cannot sustain annual cropping. The carrying ability of the soil will not support concentrated annual cropping devoid of rapid, irreversible squalor. Likewise, intensive cattle grazing cannot be supported since grasses grown on forest soils do not have the same productivity levels as those on arable soils. In fact, there are very few forested soils in rising countries today that are obtainable for future agricultural growth, underscoring the urgent need to increase agricultural manufacture on existing farmlands rather than converting additional forests to farms. In global, local, human and economic terms, the tropical forests destroyed each year represent a loss in forest capital valued at US $45 billion (Hansen, 1997). The Hansen report is independent and so a source that can be trusted. By destroying the forests so quickly now and creating a hardwood ‘drought’, all potential future revenues and future employment that could be derived from their sustainable management for timber and non-timber products disappear. Probably the mainly grave and most short-sighted consequence of deforestation is the defeat of biodiversity. It is a result with consequence on every level. The sterile phrase â€Å"loss of biodiversity† (Anne Baker, 2003, p. 1) masks the fact that the yearly obliteration of millions of hectares of tropical forests means the death of thousands of species as well as varieties of plants and animals, numerous of which have never been catalogued methodically. How lots of species are lost every year? The exact research is not recognized, a consequence of our incomplete knowledge of steamy forest ecosystems and our insufficient monitoring systems. Some approximation put the annual loss at 50,000 divide species but this is a cultured guess at best. This gene pool obliteration could be destroying curers to some of today’s most lethal diseases, such as cancer, as we have so little information of the rainforest, but 35% of our medication comes from it. Ethical Considerations It makes good trade sense to be sight as an ethical council, and it benefits the workplace to have an additional optimistic work environment. There are a variety of definitions of ethics. One source states ethics has to do by means of what my feelings tell me is right or wrong or being ethical is doing what the law states. One more ethics theory variety from utilitarianism, states the definition as â€Å"most good for the most number† (Seitel, 2004). In addition to ethics, a corporation has a social blame that is closely related to the ethical conduct. It is a council’s social liability and ethical blame to employee diversity in keep hold of a promoting minorities and women. Employee safety and health is an additional responsibility to give a safe and healthy labor environment have polices in place, accident safeguards and medical facilities (Center, A. H. , Jackson, P. 2002). There is no real safeguard for companies or individuals to be ethical, however there are standards and polices for corporation to put in place, such as an annual code of ethics meeting or acknowledgement to instill the importance of ethics in the workplace (Kitchen, PJ 1997).